Theory of Line Array and Speakers in Line Array

Modern Line Arrays use separate drivers for the high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency passbands. For a line source to work, the drivers in each passband need to be aligned. Therefore, each enclosure must be designed to fit tightly together to form a column of high-frequency, midrange, and low-frequency speaker drivers. Increasing the number of drivers in each cabinet increases the frequency range and maximum SPL while adding additional cabinets to the Line Array also reduces the frequency at which the array achieves the directional dispersion mode.

Here is the content list:

• Speakers in Line Array

• Theory of Line Array

Speakers in Line Array

Large Line Array Systems have become the standard for large concert venues and outdoor festivals and can be hoisted (assembled, suspended) from structural beams, ground support towers, or tall A-frame truss towers. Because the cabinets fit together and hang from one point, they are easier to assemble and route than other methods of arranging speakers. The lower part of a line array is usually bent back to increase the dispersion at the bottom of the array, allowing the sound to reach more of the listener. Typically, the cabinets used in a Line Array System are trapezoidal, joined by specialized rigging hardware.

Large line arrays are designed for large venues or outdoor festivals. These cabinets typically consist of multiple vertically aligned high-frequency compression drivers and multiple midrange and low-frequency drivers arranged symmetrically around the compression driver. Low-frequency drivers are typically 15 or 18 inches in diameter. Medium-sized line arrays are usually 2-way or 3-way and use 10 or 12-inch low-frequency drivers. Horizontal coverage is typically 90 degrees wide, but some systems use narrower boxes at the top of the array or wider boxes at the bottom of the array. Using a transition frame (aligning rigging on different systems), a system engineer may sometimes suspend a medium-sized cabinet below a large cabinet to cover the nearest audience.

Theory of Line Array

Acoustics pioneer Harry Olson was the first to demonstrate the effect of a Line Array in which the beam narrows with increasing frequency. He published his findings in his 1957 book, Acoustic Engineering. Olson developed column speakers using the Line Array concept, in which vertically aligned drivers in a single enclosure produce midrange output in wide horizontal and narrow vertical patterns. Line arrays have been around for over half a century, but until recently, most were voice range only. These applications are suitable for highly reverberant spaces where narrow vertical designs do not excite reverberant fields.

In 1983, Joseph D'Appolito suggested the use of multiband line array elements in a horizontally oriented enclosure. In the mid-1990s, however, L-Acoustics' V-DOSC line array showed the concert world that fewer cabinets in a line array could result in a smoother frequency response. Once it was realized that there was no destructive interference in the horizontal plane and that the waves combined mostly in phase in the vertical plane, the competition for speaker manufacturers began.

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